Forest grassland fire prevention and popular science knowledge

Forest grassland fire refers to the phenomenon of forest and grassland fire burning which is out of human control and freely spreads and expands in the forest and grassland, and brings certain harm and loss to the forest grassland, ecosystem and human beings. Forest grassland fire is a kind of sudden and destructive natural disaster which is difficult to deal with and rescue. Large area forest fire has been listed by the United Nations as one of the world's eight major natural disasters and one of the public emergencies.

2. How to divide fire protection period and high fire risk period of forest grassland?

According to the natural conditions of Yunnan Province and the law of forest grassland fire occurrence, "Yunnan Forest Fire Prevention Regulations" stipulate that: each year from December 1 to June 15 for the province's forest grassland fire prevention period, each year from March 1 to April 30 for the province's forest grassland high fire risk period. In the forest grassland fire prevention period, due to the winter and spring drought, dry air, forest grassland inflammable, must be highly vigilant and strictly prevent forest grassland fire.

3. What are the hazards of forest grassland fire?

Forest grassland fire not only seriously destroys forest grassland resources and ecological environment, but also causes great harm to people's life and property and public safety, and poses a great threat to the sustainable development of national economy and ecological security. The specific harm is shown in the following aspects: burn forest grassland vegetation resources, harm wildlife, cause soil erosion, make downstream river water quality decline, cause air pollution, threaten people's life and property safety.

4. What are the types of fire sources that cause forest grassland fires?

The fire source that causes forest grassland fire can be divided into two categories, namely natural fire source and man-made fire source. Natural ignition sources are heat sources produced under special natural geographical conditions, including lightning fire, volcanic eruption, meteorite fall, rolling stone spark and peat spontaneous combustion. Artificial fire source refers to the fire source caused by inadvertent fire in the field, which can be divided into productive fire source (such as burning land, burning land, burning charcoal, locomotive leaking fire, open landslide stone, grazing, hunting and burning fire line, etc.) and non-productive fire source (such as cooking, heating, fire to kill mosquitoes and animals, smoking, burning paper, children playing with fire, etc.). Man-made sources of fire also include deliberate arson. Among the fires caused by human ignition sources, forest and grassland fires were most frequently caused by burning paper on graves, land reclamation and smoking. Managing fire source is the key to prevent and extinguish fire in forest grassland.

5. What are the Burning triad?

Forest grassland combustion requires the interaction of fuel, fire source and oxygen to form, which are the three elements of forest grassland combustion, referred to as the combustion triangle. Forest steppe fuels refer to all organic materials in forest steppe, such as trees, shrubs, grasses, mosses, lichens, dead leaves, humus and peat.

6. What are the main meteorological factors affecting forest grassland fires?

The main meteorological factors affecting forest grassland fire are precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, etc. These meteorological factors are closely related to the occurrence and development of forest grassland fire. The forecast of forest grassland fire risk weather grade mainly considers these meteorological factors.

7. What is the classification of forest grassland fire risk?

The forest grassland fire risk level is divided into five levels, which are first, second, third, fourth and fifth. Among them, level 3, 4 and 5 are high forest fire risk levels. First class is difficult to burn weather, can use fire; Second class is not easy to burn the weather, you can use fire, but may go off; The third is for burning weather, to control the use of fire; Level 4 is easy to burn high fire risk weather, the forest should stop using fire; Grade 5 is the highest grade of extremely combustible fire risk weather, to prohibit all wild fire. The grassland administrative department under The State Council divides the country's grasslands into four levels of grassland fire risk zones, namely high, high, medium and low, according to the risk level and scope of impact of grassland fires.

8. What are the levels of forest fire warning signals?

According to the forest fire danger level and future development trend, the warning signals issued by the forest grassland fire prevention and fire control command agency are divided into four levels: moderate danger, high danger, high danger and extreme danger, which are successively blue, yellow, orange and red, among which orange and red are high forest fire danger warning signals.

9. What are the levels of forest fires?

According to the area of affected forest and the number of casualties, forest fires are divided into general forest fires, large forest fires, major forest fires and especially major forest fires. General forest fire: where the affected forest area is less than 1 hectare or other forest land is on fire, or where more than 1 person is killed but less than 3 people are killed, or more than 1 person is seriously injured and less than 10 people are injured. Large forest fire: where the area of forest affected is more than 1 hectare but less than 100 hectares, or where more than 3 people are killed and less than 10 people are killed, or more than 10 people are seriously injured and less than 50 people are injured. Major forest fire: where the area of forest affected is more than 100 hectares but less than 1,000 hectares, or where more than 10 people are killed but less than 30 people are killed, or more than 50 people are seriously injured and less than 100 people are injured. Especially serious forest fire: where the forest area affected is more than 1,000 hectares, or where more than 30 people are killed, or more than 100 people are seriously injured.

How to "prevent"

1. What is the administrative chief responsibility system for forest grassland fire prevention?

The administrative heads of local people's governments at all levels are responsible for fire prevention in forest grasslands in China, which means that governors, mayors, county heads and township heads are responsible for the fire prevention work at all levels. Governments at all levels exercise unified leadership, organization and command over the fire prevention work in forest grasslands within their jurisdiction. The administrative chief responsibility system for forest and grassland fire prevention covers the whole process of forest and grassland fire prevention and fighting. Prevention should be implemented and fighting measures should be in place. Taking the implementation of the "forest chief system" as an opportunity, our province has established a "grid" management responsibility mechanism for forest grassland fire prevention and fire fighting at six levels: province, state, county, township, village and group, forming a responsibility system covering the whole from horizontal to edge and vertical to bottom.

2. What are the five 100% field fire management systems?

Forest grassland fire protection period, farmers in the forest area to 100% and villagers group leader signed forest grassland fire safety responsibility; Fire control checkpoints, posts, cards to enter the forest area of 100% of the personnel real-name registration; The fire license system of planned fire should be implemented 100% in forest area. Crazy, dumb, deaf, dumb, mental patients shall be 100% responsible for custody; 100% of the illegal use of fire will be investigated and held accountable.

3 forest grassland fire prevention period, forest with fire regulations?

In the forest grassland fire prevention period, it is forbidden to use fire in the forest grassland fire prevention area. Those who need to use fire due to special circumstances must strictly apply for approval procedures and obtain a permit for wild fire use. If it is really necessary to use fire in the field for the prevention and control of diseases, insects, mice, freezing damage and other special circumstances, approval shall be obtained from the people's government at the county level and fire prevention measures shall be taken in accordance with the requirements to strictly prevent fire; Those who need to enter forest grassland fire prevention areas for live-fire drills, blasting and other activities shall obtain approval from the competent forestry authorities of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and take necessary fire prevention measures; If the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the Chinese People's Armed Police Force need to enter forest and grassland fire prevention areas for handling emergencies and performing other urgent tasks, they shall obtain approval from the competent departments at higher levels and take necessary fire prevention measures.

4. Forest grassland fire prevention "ten don" usually refers to which "ten don"?

First, do not carry fire into the mountain;

Two, do not smoke in the forest, lighting;

Three, do not have a picnic on the mountain, barbecue food;

Four, do not incense in the forest, burning paper, setting off fireworks;

Five, do not make mountains, burn wasteland, burn ridge grass, pile burning, etc.

Vi. Do not let special groups and minors play with fire in the forest area;

Seven, do not burn a fire in the field to keep warm;

Eight, do not throw cigarette butts out of the car;

9. Do not hunt or set fire to animals in the forest area;

Ten, do not let the old, the young, the weak, the sick, the disabled to participate in fighting the fire.

5. How to play the role of forest grassland fire prevention propaganda positions in primary and secondary schools?

It is effective to carry out "five one" forest grassland fire prevention publicity activities in primary and secondary schools, that is, every student should write a forest grassland fire prevention slogan, write a forest grassland fire prevention composition, and write a forest grassland fire prevention publicity letter to parents. Each class has a forest grassland fire prevention class, and the school issues a forest grassland fire prevention wall newspaper every semester.

How to "save"

1. What is the special number for forest grassland fire alarm? How to find forest grassland fire alarm?

"12119" is the province's unified forest grassland fire alarm phone. Anyone who finds forest grassland fire can directly call "12119" alarm, and report the time and place of fire (county, township, village and specific place names, mountain names), forest, fire size or danger degree, whether there are important facilities; In addition, the name, identity and contact information of the person who called the police should also be reported.

2. How to save oneself from forest grassland fire?

Keep your wits about you during a forest and grassland fire. One is timely alarm, let the outside world know your location and situation, for rescue or guidance of self-rescue; Second, active self - rescue, quick transfer to risk - aversion. Do not choose the direction of blind escape, otherwise easy to be trapped by smoke and fire. To correctly judge the wind direction, must not race with the fire, once the wind fled, easy to be caught up and blocked by the fire. You can't escape to the top of the mountain. As the smoke rises, the fire will spread to the top of the mountain faster. Use a wet towel or clothes, cover your mouth and nose, cover your head, and run down or sideways in the direction of the wind, choosing a route with sparse vegetation to escape. When surrounded by fire, you should choose an open place with sparse vegetation, lie on your stomach for shelter, put your feet in the direction of the fire, pull away the floating earth, put your face close to the wet soil, and press your hands on your chest. If there are ditches, ponds, rivers, etc., can jump into the water to avoid risk.

3. What are the twelve elements of fire safety?

1. The elderly, the disabled, pregnant women and children shall not be mobilized to fight forest grassland fires. 2. Fire fighting personnel must receive fire fighting safety training. 3. Abide by fire discipline, obey unified command and dispatch, and do not act alone. 4. Keep communication open at all times. 5. Fire-fighting personnel should be equipped with necessary equipment, such as helmets, fire-fighting clothes, fire-fighting gloves, fire-fighting boots and fire-fighting tools. 6. Pay close attention to the weather changes of the fire site, especially the weather conditions in the afternoon when casualties of forest and grassland fire are high. 7. Pay close attention to the types and inflammability of combustibles in the fire site, and avoid entering the inflammable area. 8. Pay attention to the topographical conditions of the fire site. Fire-fighting personnel are not allowed to enter the areas surrounded by mountains on three sides, saddle valley, narrow caotang ditch, narrow valley, sunny hillside and other areas to directly fight the fire head. 9. When fighting forest fires, we should choose fire safety areas and evacuation routes in advance to prevent accidents. 10. Once you get into a dangerous situation, keep a clear head and actively try to save yourself. 11. When fighting underground fire, it is necessary to find out the scope of the fire site and mark it so as not to stray into the fire area. 12. Fire-fighting team members consume a great deal of physical energy, should be timely rest, maintain strong physical strength.

How to "punish"

1. What are the filing standards for forest fire criminal cases?

Standards for the Jurisdiction and filing of Forest and Terrestrial Wild Animal Criminal Cases issued by the State Forestry Administration and the Ministry of Public Security stipulate the filing standards for forest fire cases as follows: 1. Whoever intentionally sets fire to a forest or other forest fire shall be put on file; The burning woodland area of more than 2 hectares shall be considered as a major case; Especially serious cases shall be those in which the burning of forest land covers an area of more than 10 hectares or causes serious injury or death to a person. 2. If a forest fire is caused by fire, and the forest land area is more than 2 hectares, or serious injury or death is caused, a case shall be filed; If the area of forest land burned by fire is more than 10 hectares, or if it causes death or serious injury to more than 5 people, it is considered a major case. If the area of forest land burned is more than 50 hectares, or more than two people died, the case shall be especially serious.

2. What kind of punishment will the crime of fire and fire face?

Whoever deliberately sets fire to trees, but has not caused serious consequences, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than 10 years by mutatis mutanis Article 114 of the Criminal Law. Whoever sets fire to a fire that causes serious injury or death to another person or heavy losses to public or private property shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, life imprisonment or death. Constitute the crime of fire in accordance with the second paragraph of article 115 of the Criminal law at more than 3 years less than 7 years imprisonment; If the circumstances are relatively minor, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

3. Which grassland fire behavior should bear legal responsibility?

(1) Failing to take fire prevention measures for field fire use approved during the period of fire prevention on grasslands; (2) The motor vehicles operating and driving on the grasslands are not equipped with fire prevention devices or have hidden danger of fire; (3) The driver, crew member or passenger of the means of public transport running on the grassland abandons the tinder; (4) The operators of machinery and equipment engaged in field operations on the grasslands fail to observe the safety operation rules on fire prevention or fail to take fire prevention measures for the machinery and equipment engaged in field operations; (5) failing to use fire in the grassland fire control areas in accordance with the provisions. Those who, in violation of the provisions of the Regulations on Fire Prevention on Grasslands, commit one of the above acts shall be ordered by the competent department of fire prevention on grasslands under the local people's government at or above the county level to stop the illegal acts, take fire prevention measures, eliminate the hidden danger of fire, and impose a fine of between 200 yuan and 2,000 yuan on the persons responsible and between 2,000 yuan and 20,000 yuan on the units responsible; For those who refuse to take fire prevention measures and eliminate fire hazards, the competent grassland fire prevention departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall take fire prevention measures and eliminate fire hazards on their behalf, and the expenses incurred shall be borne by the units or individuals violating the law.

Source | qujing